1 00:00:01,21 --> 00:00:03,2 So describe your first trip. 2 00:00:04,72 --> 00:00:12,37 So the reason why I came to be like Randy you have to find it a bit earlier this is in one thousand nine hundred ninety 3 00:00:12,38 --> 00:00:15,57 nine we have a meeting in mom per year this is out of friends 4 00:00:15,89 --> 00:00:19,87 and this is a meeting of people dealing with research on longevity 5 00:00:20,53 --> 00:00:30,43 and they are very attentive to validation which means that if these old person are really so all tense all these are 6 00:00:30,44 --> 00:00:36,3 demographic and so margin it isn't and medical doctor so at that meeting you know over ninety nine. 7 00:00:37,62 --> 00:00:40,76 From Sardinia did a presentation 8 00:00:40,85 --> 00:00:48,58 and in this presentation the Explain that in the neural province where we are either in the neural proteins the number 9 00:00:48,59 --> 00:00:49,95 of made centenarian 10 00:00:49,96 --> 00:01:00,37 and female centenarian is about the same we were really skeptical white because all over the world us five six even ten 11 00:01:00,38 --> 00:01:07,88 times more female centenarian compared to maid centenarian So if you have a place where you have the same number it 12 00:01:07,89 --> 00:01:15,49 means that probably the male as exaggerate their age so they declare that they are one hundred 13 00:01:15,5 --> 00:01:19,95 but they are not one hundred so it was clear I remember the coffee break there 14 00:01:20,24 --> 00:01:27,51 and during the coffee Reg They say we need to send somebody to validate to see what happens because it's a removed area 15 00:01:27,52 --> 00:01:35,99 and the Montane there and the person from the Statistical Office of say probably that the data are not existing 16 00:01:36,00 --> 00:01:43,6 or there would be problems and as I was probably the only one as historical demographic there I was volunteer 17 00:01:44,18 --> 00:01:48,96 and so I say I would go there next January so we were in October 18 00:01:49,00 --> 00:02:00,59 and I planned to come twenty of January two thousand and. Wonderful they collect me at the airport in Aguero. 19 00:02:01,85 --> 00:02:03,66 They were there very happy that I will come 20 00:02:03,67 --> 00:02:12,24 and they say we go to a celebration in a village of four centenarian in a village of three thousand a bit 21 00:02:12,25 --> 00:02:17,74 and that was ours are not nearby and OK I say yes I am ready to go 22 00:02:18,3 --> 00:02:26,9 but how can I congratulate this person if I will say just after that they are false OK So I say before to go to the 23 00:02:27,56 --> 00:02:29,47 community I want to go to the municipal 24 00:02:29,48 --> 00:02:34,97 or to see the document if if at least if they exist so we went quickly to the municipal 25 00:02:35,51 --> 00:02:45,4 and they show me that there exist they show me even the birth records of these persons I say OK at least if even if I 26 00:02:45,41 --> 00:02:51,69 am not convinced because they may be other error but at least they are document that they are no me to to check 27 00:02:52,01 --> 00:02:56,06 and then I went to the city Beijing. Among the four. 28 00:02:58,21 --> 00:03:06,91 Centenarian to go where they're in black and I have still in my office. The plate that they gave me. 29 00:03:08,36 --> 00:03:12,43 Telling that on the twenty two of January two thousand I was there 30 00:03:12,44 --> 00:03:16,75 and it sank me that's the really the starting point so. 31 00:03:18,13 --> 00:03:26,67 The second step was that we have to go from village to village and to look people who read one hundred 32 00:03:26,68 --> 00:03:32,66 and to check their document and that's what we did one by one and. 33 00:03:33,79 --> 00:03:44,08 After two months I was able to conclude that I did not find any error. Only one small error was in this village. 34 00:03:45,38 --> 00:03:50,14 A girl I see a girl who was supposed to die at one hundred 35 00:03:50,15 --> 00:03:56,94 and ten in fact replace our older sister well this older sister diet at age two 36 00:03:57,29 --> 00:04:00,77 and so there was a mistake because they considered that. 37 00:04:00,98 --> 00:04:08,04 It was our sister and it was the second one so she was effectively one zero seven only one zero seven you see 38 00:04:08,51 --> 00:04:15,48 but except this I did not find any error and were surprised about it and I was fully surprise 39 00:04:15,62 --> 00:04:20,00 and that was the starting point of the second step because. 40 00:04:21,49 --> 00:04:27,75 According to those who asked me to come on was perfect you have done your job all is OK 41 00:04:28,4 --> 00:04:36,66 but then I say to my friend Johnny This is not the only thing there is something more strong more I will say more 42 00:04:36,67 --> 00:04:38,84 exceptional Look I say 43 00:04:39,18 --> 00:04:48,3 when you go from one village to the other every time you find new centenarian So they are not everywhere lost in the in 44 00:04:48,31 --> 00:04:57,85 the country they are really group in the mountain area there is a nonrandom distribution of centenarians and I tried. 45 00:04:58,86 --> 00:05:07,21 To do it to put on the map the village where we found centenarians and it was I did it slowly 46 00:05:07,22 --> 00:05:14,2 and I put it in blue pen and I discussed with my friend I say you look this blue zone. 47 00:05:15,6 --> 00:05:23,67 Already in March two thousand I was using the term blue zone to then to fight this area where they ever higher number 48 00:05:23,68 --> 00:05:26,21 of centenarians when I mean what do you mean with. 49 00:05:27,52 --> 00:05:35,09 Justice just because I use a blue pencil and with a blue pencil I marked on the map all the village and I. 50 00:05:36,21 --> 00:05:40,42 Surrounded the place where they have this longevity and I 51 00:05:40,6 --> 00:05:47,7 when I was discussing with my friend I say in the blue zone this outside of the blue zone this so the name Blue Zone 52 00:05:47,71 --> 00:05:51,58 became family between us already in two thousand and 53 00:05:52,4 --> 00:06:00,28 but the big difference is that in most of the study they are doing study on centenarian that are there they're there 54 00:06:00,38 --> 00:06:00,66 they're. 55 00:06:00,87 --> 00:06:08,85 Bit everywhere in the city here we are working with what I name population longevity which means the world population 56 00:06:08,86 --> 00:06:12,57 is the even longer not only one or two person 57 00:06:12,58 --> 00:06:18,24 and the other one are normal no in the village you may have easy two to three four centenarian 58 00:06:18,4 --> 00:06:21,71 and even the Nigerian The number is incredible so. 59 00:06:23,01 --> 00:06:28,7 I push the group to go to this new concept of population longevity 60 00:06:29,19 --> 00:06:34,36 and then somebody in a meeting in October two thousand Tell me in the Roman 61 00:06:35,31 --> 00:06:42,05 but I was it possible that these people reached in so large number one hundred or ninety 62 00:06:42,21 --> 00:06:57,51 and that the men do it also very well on one side. But why you need this. But first the key point was that. 63 00:06:58,91 --> 00:07:02,87 When I tried to explain it in the meeting that we have in Rome or with the same group. 64 00:07:04,51 --> 00:07:11,02 They were really skeptical still skeptical and so I discuss with them 65 00:07:11,58 --> 00:07:19,19 and I understand that the only way to prove that it is very unique is to take one village 66 00:07:19,86 --> 00:07:25,78 and in one village to start to do the full in-depth story to work really 67 00:07:26,2 --> 00:07:35,54 and then I say to my friend we will shoot the village that is the highest in the indicator the longevity indicator I 68 00:07:35,55 --> 00:07:41,78 would say the one that is the sharing of the cake you see you have the cake is the longevity area 69 00:07:41,93 --> 00:07:43,99 but you have one village on the top. 70 00:07:45,27 --> 00:07:51,52 And that was the village where we had this girl one one of the ten ten that was effectively one zero seven 71 00:07:51,53 --> 00:07:59,27 but I know that we are gone they may be a good place so we started in two thousand to collect all generals you get 72 00:07:59,28 --> 00:08:08,78 and demographical data. Grandy but it took a lot of time. For a lot of reasons. 73 00:08:10,74 --> 00:08:18,63 A reason first is that the work is not an easy task finally our database now seventeen thousand person with all the 74 00:08:18,64 --> 00:08:19,4 family links 75 00:08:19,41 --> 00:08:26,5 and a lot of things like that so it's you cannot do this in in one month's it takes you have to look all the birth 76 00:08:26,51 --> 00:08:29,63 record of that record the on a graph of the population register 77 00:08:29,79 --> 00:08:33,28 and so on so it's a very huge work so it took a long time 78 00:08:33,57 --> 00:08:41,73 but in Sardinia there is not only the problem of data collection there is the problem of local sensibility 79 00:08:42,3 --> 00:08:51,7 and after some times I understand that they what they were a bit disturbed by my work they considered that the local 80 00:08:51,71 --> 00:08:59,53 researcher and moreover it was a local policymaker he was deputy in the region and. 81 00:09:01,15 --> 00:09:08,2 I don't want any more that this foreigner because this is important if you are not from the I on you are automatically 82 00:09:08,21 --> 00:09:12,89 for in that this for a no will continue to work with us he is disturbing me 83 00:09:13,42 --> 00:09:22,09 and so at one moment my work was really the basis for a project in the U.S. 84 00:09:22,13 --> 00:09:31,61 and I ate National News Digital Beijing we were directly rank it very high there was even a mention in in this science 85 00:09:31,62 --> 00:09:36,25 that the magazine that this is the crack historical demographic that. 86 00:09:37,43 --> 00:09:44,95 Validated this data so that was done in two thousand and then they decided because of this guy you have to grow. 87 00:09:46,85 --> 00:09:51,39 I have a letter from my professor from the U.K. In the U.S. 88 00:09:51,6 --> 00:09:58,79 Telling Michelle for the future of the research you have to go out from the system it's it's it's crazy for you 89 00:09:59,01 --> 00:10:00,77 when you have such an abstract. 90 00:10:01,04 --> 00:10:05,54 Just because you have a good idea and you feel you have to go ahead with this idea you know 91 00:10:05,55 --> 00:10:10,34 but we are convinced that you are the one that is doing the work so I understand it 92 00:10:10,35 --> 00:10:18,11 but that's not important for us I mean you are for us that one finds in our research in the blues so I would like to 93 00:10:18,12 --> 00:10:21,05 continue on that and executive exactly tell me. 94 00:10:22,97 --> 00:10:31,86 Looking at this this blue zone where we are here what in your opinion makes you so unique Why is this the blues 95 00:10:31,87 --> 00:10:38,48 or what is it in these people that is so magical that they grow so. I think that. 96 00:10:39,77 --> 00:10:45,58 I did not discover it at the beginning at the beginning my only attractive. 97 00:10:46,69 --> 00:10:52,29 To me is that the number of centenarian was very high and that the number of male 98 00:10:52,3 --> 00:10:56,14 and female was at the same level this is unique. 99 00:10:57,37 --> 00:11:03,19 You will never find another place on hurt where the number of centenarian is equal between male 100 00:11:03,2 --> 00:11:10,4 and female it was the situation in the past or it may be still the situation is simply so if she rang our India 101 00:11:10,69 --> 00:11:17,51 but this is because of all the situation this is a question of local cultural situation 102 00:11:17,73 --> 00:11:24,64 but in our modern society us more and more female centenarian compared to male 103 00:11:25,01 --> 00:11:30,66 and so having a place where it's one to one while this is very few so. 104 00:11:31,98 --> 00:11:33,93 Doing so I want 105 00:11:33,94 --> 00:11:43,47 and moreover the indicator of the level of longevity for male was really twice more than in all of the country you have 106 00:11:43,68 --> 00:11:48,45 a change out of ten to reach ninety and in good shape that's OK so. 107 00:11:49,64 --> 00:11:55,25 We did it to sink we did first the data collection but we started also to meet people 108 00:11:55,76 --> 00:12:00,77 and to try to understand why because. When you discover something. 109 00:12:00,86 --> 00:12:06,29 You have to say what but there isn't a turret thing that we have to do is to convince our college 110 00:12:06,96 --> 00:12:08,96 and it took me ten years. 111 00:12:10,58 --> 00:12:18,6 To convince first that the data were true and that the situation is that there is this buttons between 112 00:12:18,61 --> 00:12:28,31 and main if you need any they did even something that I never have in my scientific career they sent without informing 113 00:12:28,32 --> 00:12:28,56 me. 114 00:12:29,6 --> 00:12:34,69 Comment validate a new validation story another team to validate what I did 115 00:12:35,23 --> 00:12:41,52 and that finally I get I got the information after and they found that it was correct 116 00:12:41,69 --> 00:12:51,19 but it's so crazy to have such a situation that they need to really take ten years to agree with the situation part of 117 00:12:51,2 --> 00:12:57,17 that that's clear So tell me about the second part of that what what next it's that this is the only place in the world 118 00:12:57,77 --> 00:13:00,7 where there are male and female sentinels though when 119 00:13:00,9 --> 00:13:11,15 when everybody agree on this then you have to start the explanation and. That therefore we started to do survey. 120 00:13:12,37 --> 00:13:14,89 Not I would say it's not a survey with. 121 00:13:16,2 --> 00:13:17,46 Very long questionnaire 122 00:13:17,47 --> 00:13:24,64 and you know it's a survey that has a large part is open to question to try to understand this is one part of the story 123 00:13:24,65 --> 00:13:33,26 then we also this site with the municipality to do a longevity celebration which means that to be very close with the 124 00:13:33,27 --> 00:13:35,86 population this is the only way to try to understand 125 00:13:36,27 --> 00:13:45,08 and progressively we point out the different aspects of their life that could could that might contribute. 126 00:13:46,66 --> 00:13:51,28 Exceptional longevity the first one that emerge. 127 00:13:52,64 --> 00:14:00,22 The fact that these people as a physical activity that really don't stop at sixty five they continue to work. 128 00:14:00,8 --> 00:14:09,15 Even at ninety they decide to keep their garden and so on so there is physical activity that this really. 129 00:14:10,53 --> 00:14:19,87 High level Moreover in the village of us seen if you go from one place to the other one you have always to jump the 130 00:14:19,88 --> 00:14:29,59 slope every way which means that we are not in the flat area we are obliged to do effort on a daily basis. 131 00:14:30,66 --> 00:14:35,36 In term of physical activity and physical effort that's clear there is. 132 00:14:37,08 --> 00:14:43,96 A lesson that we have to consider from me it's not only a year it's always also in other places like this one around 133 00:14:43,97 --> 00:14:52,54 the world so they live longer as active That's the point then. The second point is the fact that. 134 00:14:55,54 --> 00:15:04,33 What they eat is quite different I will not say that that they do they have a method in the diet they don't have this 135 00:15:04,34 --> 00:15:09,55 military and diet because for example somebody will say that take fish 136 00:15:10,24 --> 00:15:14,16 but if you look the fish you have twenty eight kilometer from the sea 137 00:15:14,38 --> 00:15:20,78 and in the past the fish never arrived here so it's not the fish it's meat they have meat 138 00:15:21,17 --> 00:15:23,82 and they eat quite a lot of meat. 139 00:15:25,64 --> 00:15:28,38 Their fruit and they have ventured the bill 140 00:15:28,67 --> 00:15:36,58 but what is too important thing is that this is a locally produced food in the village they do pursuit also this 141 00:15:36,59 --> 00:15:45,17 happens they do the collusion as this is a special dumpling they do the Sheesh they have the potato they have their 142 00:15:45,18 --> 00:15:55,34 wine so I will say that compared to our western society ninety per cent of what they appear on the table is locally 143 00:15:55,35 --> 00:16:00,74 produced and does not go throughout the food industry and for me. 144 00:16:01,26 --> 00:16:08,96 I would say that in our country it's the oppose it you have ninety per cent that went out the food industry so the 145 00:16:08,97 --> 00:16:13,28 natural food is very important but moreover. 146 00:16:14,31 --> 00:16:17,26 I would say that the wine is not the best best best 147 00:16:17,6 --> 00:16:23,14 and even they serve it cold if you have cold wind it for us it's a crime 148 00:16:23,44 --> 00:16:31,65 but it's local it's not it doesn't go to our system where they add something they suppress you know that some wine now 149 00:16:31,66 --> 00:16:33,95 you have a taste but the taste as been added 150 00:16:34,81 --> 00:16:43,03 and so here you are sure that this is wind that they produce the tomato everything or leaf the same and so and so. 151 00:16:44,08 --> 00:16:47,27 But as I say the meat become. 152 00:16:48,42 --> 00:16:51,9 Quite abundant the pork at that for example 153 00:16:52,18 --> 00:16:59,64 and this is the talk seems to be similar with other place to pork the goat not so much a cow so and 154 00:17:00,09 --> 00:17:07,44 but what this clear is that these animals the meat of these animals is not the same as the one in our country because 155 00:17:07,79 --> 00:17:11,05 these are the man has been in the mounting they at. 156 00:17:13,04 --> 00:17:20,77 I would say a lot of herbs that are until York City and and that and so the meat is fully different 157 00:17:21,27 --> 00:17:26,57 and that's something that you may compare yesterday I was in another place 158 00:17:27,27 --> 00:17:34,82 and the meat was really want to feel fully fully different compared to what we have in our country where we go to 159 00:17:35,26 --> 00:17:42,32 process that is not exactly so the quality of the food the locally produced food and then 160 00:17:42,78 --> 00:17:53,06 when they do a meal it's not fast food it takes time OK they meet in the family so that social dimension of the meal is 161 00:17:53,07 --> 00:18:00,77 also very important you may have two or three hours around a table a large family and. 162 00:18:01,08 --> 00:18:05,56 And they eat they eat baby too much I don't know 163 00:18:05,6 --> 00:18:12,62 but it's that the social dimension of the meal is very important sort of social infrastructure of the areas very 164 00:18:12,63 --> 00:18:19,57 important exactly the social support for the oldest old which means for example it's the only place. 165 00:18:20,61 --> 00:18:27,41 In the world that I have seen that they produce calendar with all the centenarian every year so you have a lot of thing 166 00:18:27,42 --> 00:18:27,94 that happen 167 00:18:28,08 --> 00:18:33,76 when we organize is the logic of it is a liberation that there were thirty one for the gravity of centenarian in the 168 00:18:33,77 --> 00:18:37,79 street so they are really promoting 169 00:18:37,92 --> 00:18:46,26 and centenarian promoting the longevity so that these very old people are not outside of the system you see they are 170 00:18:46,27 --> 00:18:56,14 not push outside of the daily life they are proud of the daily life in this village the support to old people nobody go 171 00:18:56,81 --> 00:19:04,48 there is no nursing if you have to go to nursing home you should go to to the city that is half an hour from you so 172 00:19:04,82 --> 00:19:12,76 they stay in the village if they are not living with their child they stay in the neighboring house so they stay in 173 00:19:12,77 --> 00:19:21,69 their own. Surrounding environment but they have direct support and if they have no children. 174 00:19:23,15 --> 00:19:29,13 They are the neighbor people neighboring paper will take care of them down there is a solidarity there is a very 175 00:19:29,14 --> 00:19:36,05 important so the place of the hold of all in the society is very very important 176 00:19:36,35 --> 00:19:44,88 and I would say that our post modern society tried to put away after some age you are even put away at fifty from the 177 00:19:44,89 --> 00:19:50,01 work you are away when you are becoming dependent they put you in a lurching all 178 00:19:50,02 --> 00:19:58,26 and so you know you are really integrated when you were in the border of the blues or you have within the blues 179 00:19:58,27 --> 00:19:59,99 and then just outside. 180 00:20:01,93 --> 00:20:08,6 There is already a difference what is the difference what makes the just outside then and then I will say that. 181 00:20:09,78 --> 00:20:15,96 This is the problem of the shaping of the blue zone which means that in fact you have a gradient 182 00:20:16,91 --> 00:20:23,76 and grandees on the top the neighboring villages are not allowed now delay are not far from the top 183 00:20:24,00 --> 00:20:26,9 and so you try to see what are the same. 184 00:20:27,92 --> 00:20:37,1 Characteristic of these village but if you go to the valley there Dr Ali is there below then maybe the solidarity is. 185 00:20:38,33 --> 00:20:41,78 The same but you feel a big difference you feel a big difference. 186 00:20:43,22 --> 00:20:47,63 There are more people people are more the result of immigration 187 00:20:47,64 --> 00:20:53,33 and why in this village people went out yes there are some immigration 188 00:20:53,58 --> 00:21:00,73 but there are very limited people that arrive here which means that the problem is that the population is decreasing 189 00:21:01,15 --> 00:21:04,59 because when you are young people you want to find a job. 190 00:21:05,67 --> 00:21:12,28 This is not easy so one out of to leave the village at age twenty or thirty and the other one will stay 191 00:21:12,56 --> 00:21:17,02 but then the population is decreasing so this village are really. 192 00:21:18,38 --> 00:21:26,73 Keeping their cultural their specificity and that's why the solidarity is still the highest in the city like calorie 193 00:21:26,74 --> 00:21:33,13 and and society this is not possible to see this there and that's very important point 194 00:21:33,4 --> 00:21:38,75 but where does it stop this is the problem so we did it on the map. 195 00:21:40,16 --> 00:21:46,83 A place that we named the blue zone with fourteen village by based on the longevity index 196 00:21:47,19 --> 00:21:53,14 and then we have a larger one that cover all the Montane of Sardinia that is a light blue zone if you want 197 00:21:53,42 --> 00:22:00,77 and then you have the rest of Sardinia and we did it based on a scientific investigation which mooting methods and. 198 00:22:01,27 --> 00:22:06,88 But so we look for that the longevity index and now and now we go with this 199 00:22:06,97 --> 00:22:12,07 and we try to see what is the difference between a longevity village and another one 200 00:22:12,43 --> 00:22:16,62 and that's what we are doing now we are picking some villages that are not in the blues 201 00:22:17,43 --> 00:22:23,46 and we try to compare what are the different between the two motors What are the differences how we are not yet far in 202 00:22:23,47 --> 00:22:31,07 this because this is something not easy to do because we have different for example the level of dementia should be 203 00:22:31,08 --> 00:22:36,23 compare the level of depression but also old genes genes 204 00:22:36,36 --> 00:22:44,92 and the some biomedical indicator biomarker recently we discovered that there in the scene there is a big difference 205 00:22:44,93 --> 00:22:47,23 between what what we found 206 00:22:47,86 --> 00:22:55,97 and what we found in the city what differences are fine there is something that make I will say this is the job of my 207 00:22:56,01 --> 00:23:03,38 colleagues never was what was what was what was that what it means that they are taking advantage of what they eat 208 00:23:03,39 --> 00:23:08,08 and so on better than the one in the valley and it should contribute 209 00:23:08,09 --> 00:23:15,77 but it's not easy to associate the two for example somebody try to explain that height you know people are very short 210 00:23:15,78 --> 00:23:21,49 here they are an average one meter sixty four man and and they're you know even shorter 211 00:23:21,99 --> 00:23:25,09 and somebody did find a gene explaining this 212 00:23:25,33 --> 00:23:32,62 and now we are doing some review to see is it this genes is it something like that and so is the food and so on 213 00:23:32,79 --> 00:23:35,04 but we so really big difference 214 00:23:35,08 --> 00:23:42,27 and in the in the country the people in the mountain are shorter than people in the in the city where that that's very 215 00:23:42,28 --> 00:23:49,95 important Can you imagine the average age at military service about one meter sixty and it's not so long time ago 216 00:23:50,29 --> 00:23:57,31 and if you look in the village now you will see everybody is a bit short of that so that's that's one difference this 217 00:23:57,32 --> 00:24:00,77 is a strong difference yes so you have probably. 218 00:24:00,8 --> 00:24:08,45 Also some difference in the in the genes you have probably you have for sure difference in the lifestyle that's clear 219 00:24:08,7 --> 00:24:13,92 in the city you cannot have the same life died idea of the quality of water air 220 00:24:13,96 --> 00:24:21,77 and everything the absence of stress all those thing are really different the main problem for scientists is to put 221 00:24:21,78 --> 00:24:27,43 everything in the same model and based on this just to conclude. 222 00:24:28,6 --> 00:24:37,00 You are dealing with an interdisciplinary approach which means that you have an information from environment from 223 00:24:37,01 --> 00:24:42,37 nutrition from other approaches from social issues from demographic from genetics 224 00:24:42,41 --> 00:24:51,79 and even now from a pigeon It takes a pigeon it takes is a new way to enter in the study of longevity it's the 225 00:24:51,8 --> 00:24:54,53 interaction between genetics and environment 226 00:24:55,04 --> 00:25:03,68 and we are convince We tried to do something in Sardinia we generated we did not find any genes that may explain their 227 00:25:03,69 --> 00:25:10,88 longevity in Sardinia but why because we need three thousand ten thousand centenarians to. 228 00:25:12,06 --> 00:25:16,05 Do research we conclusion in genetics in a P.G. 229 00:25:16,06 --> 00:25:21,69 Tips and that's very attractive with two hundred person you may already conclude something 230 00:25:22,29 --> 00:25:32,57 and what is good is that usually they are now doing centenarian that centenarian plaque block like this here we will do 231 00:25:32,58 --> 00:25:32,76 it. 232 00:25:33,89 --> 00:25:43,68 On a population that this common trait which means the same food same environment so we are controlling a lot of very 233 00:25:43,69 --> 00:25:48,13 able so that we will be able to see if something is really particularly 234 00:25:48,37 --> 00:25:51,8 and we have already some explanation because the food is the same 235 00:25:52,14 --> 00:26:00,77 and so so we are in the best condition to see if there is an A.P. Genetics of longevity and it is. 236 00:26:00,98 --> 00:26:03,49 We already some explanation if it emerge 237 00:26:03,67 --> 00:26:12,27 and wondering what what this explanation could be it should be linked to the special life of Shepherd So you have to 238 00:26:12,28 --> 00:26:14,64 now that in the area. 239 00:26:15,7 --> 00:26:21,52 Beginning of the twentieth century everybody was shepherds or as parents that were Shepherd 240 00:26:21,53 --> 00:26:28,53 and so what was the life of a shepherd they have to go in winter in the valley six months 241 00:26:28,74 --> 00:26:35,32 and they go really forty kilometer from here with all their animals only the men go down the shepherd 242 00:26:35,84 --> 00:26:41,84 and they come back in May early May in the village with all the animals 243 00:26:42,02 --> 00:26:45,2 and this is one week of big celebration in the village 244 00:26:45,55 --> 00:26:52,52 but they stay only one week in the village that's why Nine months later you have a lot of baby justice 245 00:26:52,76 --> 00:27:00,48 and then they go up to the mountain and they stay in the month in the world summer and come back in October November 246 00:27:00,74 --> 00:27:10,58 and then again go to the winter so these shepherds spent most of their life outside of their family they have a very 247 00:27:10,59 --> 00:27:18,38 different way of living they add very different food because they have to do to rely on their. 248 00:27:20,01 --> 00:27:25,52 Own that they found and on this Brett that you can see this bread that you take with you 249 00:27:25,73 --> 00:27:32,96 and may stay several months this be stuck with it this is bread that you have to wash before to eat to make it easier 250 00:27:32,97 --> 00:27:43,85 to eat and so it's different nutrition different way of living and so I assume and the mother at all as all the. 251 00:27:44,9 --> 00:27:49,6 I would say all the difficulty all the stress of the family this is the reason why men 252 00:27:49,61 --> 00:27:57,36 and women live probably the same the same because their life is fully different but at the same time. 253 00:27:59,45 --> 00:28:00,77 Having these very. 254 00:28:01,73 --> 00:28:08,08 Positive aspect in the month in fresh air fresh water good food no stress 255 00:28:08,09 --> 00:28:12,33 and so on may have an impact on your children and grandchildren 256 00:28:12,37 --> 00:28:20,1 and it comes to be genetics because there is a transmission from generation to generation of some trade coming from you 257 00:28:20,11 --> 00:28:28,1 may have this good genes but due to the vitamin it is not activated and that's very important or you may have a. 258 00:28:29,24 --> 00:28:30,02 Bad genes 259 00:28:30,03 --> 00:28:38,29 but also do due to the fact that it's not activated you will not be disturbed by this so rule of the environment is 260 00:28:38,3 --> 00:28:39,08 very important 261 00:28:39,29 --> 00:28:48,55 and this is a very good message for society because for me it would be crazy if I conclude with my study that there are 262 00:28:48,56 --> 00:28:54,34 two kinds of people those who have this good genes and those who don't know that if there is a logic. 263 00:28:55,39 --> 00:29:01,18 And somebody has the longevity genes don't problem you may do what you want you will live longer than the other one can 264 00:29:01,19 --> 00:29:04,97 you imagine it is this is that at Mystic there is no solution 265 00:29:05,16 --> 00:29:13,48 but know the good point with a passion it exists that you may activate on activate those you may do something yourself 266 00:29:13,61 --> 00:29:19,26 and you may even take advantage of what your previous your parents and grandparents that 267 00:29:19,68 --> 00:29:24,86 and maybe the secret is that a lot of these ancestor were shepherds 268 00:29:24,87 --> 00:29:30,74 and has a wonderful life with wonderful situation with physical activity food and so on 269 00:29:31,17 --> 00:29:37,91 and it may explain the difference between male and female and it may explain why the longevity is the highest 270 00:29:38,36 --> 00:29:43,41 but that's it it really we are only at the starting point 271 00:29:43,72 --> 00:29:51,19 and that's why it will probably go on several several years and when you look at when I would live here for example 272 00:29:51,2 --> 00:29:52,81 when I would move into this village 273 00:29:53,54 --> 00:30:01,05 and there I would start to know where I was discussing with colleagues it was in the meeting in Bosh. Don't. 274 00:30:02,46 --> 00:30:07,4 They say this mission is a bit crazy because it seems to recommend to go 275 00:30:07,41 --> 00:30:15,3 and live as Shepparton the bone pain know if you come here and live as shepherd. You don't have. 276 00:30:16,61 --> 00:30:24,11 To work and it will take time to be integrated and to follow all the rules and so so I will not recover 277 00:30:24,12 --> 00:30:27,25 and that every bit bigger will become arrive 278 00:30:27,7 --> 00:30:32,48 and be shepherded will not change their life expectancy OK I mean provably the situation 279 00:30:32,77 --> 00:30:40,29 but this is not the solution what we try to do when we try to do it now in the US to try to see what. 280 00:30:41,37 --> 00:30:45,88 The lesson that you may take from this life here 281 00:30:46,44 --> 00:30:54,1 and to try to transfer it in the other possible then society to see what this feasible what can we keep as lesson 282 00:30:54,53 --> 00:31:01,73 and it's clear that the social links very important the food is very important the genes you cannot change anything 283 00:31:01,74 --> 00:31:09,86 and this is not you not to concede physical activity is it's important not to stop to work suddenly at sixty five 284 00:31:09,87 --> 00:31:18,46 and to say now I will stop working I was single only on my my wellbeing this is the only way to go directly to the 285 00:31:18,47 --> 00:31:25,7 cemetery OK you have to keep active to keep your brain active but also physical activity and so on 286 00:31:26,03 --> 00:31:32,34 and that's what we are try to do now in some places in the US in the so-called blue room project. 287 00:31:33,42 --> 00:31:36,49 People in the valley in the city decide to meet 288 00:31:37,12 --> 00:31:44,88 and to discuss between them so what can we do as a community to improve those things so the way to act is not to say 289 00:31:45,07 --> 00:31:46,96 you have to eat this you F. 290 00:31:46,97 --> 00:31:52,48 To do the tricycle activity and so we don't have direct interaction between our result 291 00:31:52,49 --> 00:32:00,77 and in the video people we make the an environment so that they will spontaneously adopt or. 292 00:32:00,87 --> 00:32:07,69 New and more appropriate lifestyle just to take an example in the restaurant we promote longevity food 293 00:32:08,04 --> 00:32:14,99 or in some restaurant we give smaller plates because then you will eat you eat a bit less 294 00:32:15,00 --> 00:32:22,08 and this is very good evidence that that will tell you that big caloric restriction is very good you have to eat until 295 00:32:22,09 --> 00:32:25,66 your stomach is eighty person full but not one hundred so 296 00:32:26,23 --> 00:32:31,44 and then you put in the shop for example you promote you don't promote the ships and the Coca-Cola 297 00:32:31,45 --> 00:32:33,71 and so you put in the front. 298 00:32:34,73 --> 00:32:43,41 Apple fruit and so on you are preparing a place to do psych that would do to bike to food you are 299 00:32:43,42 --> 00:32:44,86 and grazing social links 300 00:32:44,87 --> 00:32:54,78 and so these are all think that are in direct way to promote healthy aging so all what we are doing in here is to to 301 00:32:54,79 --> 00:32:57,13 find what are the recipe for Healthy Aging 302 00:32:57,36 --> 00:33:04,22 and to try to see which one can be transposed in other without coming in large number 303 00:33:04,23 --> 00:33:09,61 and disturbing the world system because it's a nonsense you cannot hear you know better understand it 304 00:33:09,62 --> 00:33:15,88 and some import also in this society I mean if there is some immigration I can believe that this whole village is like 305 00:33:15,89 --> 00:33:25,48 a. Marker like a fortress does that what does that do to to the community and to the to longevity so. 306 00:33:26,62 --> 00:33:32,14 In fact all our centenarian are born because they were born one hundred years ago 307 00:33:32,68 --> 00:33:39,99 and the Immigration is only probably started after the fifty when the village was opened to the. 308 00:33:41,37 --> 00:33:46,6 Electricity plant and so on the roads were better so I will say that nowadays. 309 00:33:48,4 --> 00:33:52,46 Half of the marriage are married people from outside 310 00:33:52,81 --> 00:34:00,77 but up to fifty it was ninety per cent of the marriage that were between two people from the same village we. 311 00:34:00,8 --> 00:34:04,43 I mean that immigration the ear is really low 312 00:34:05,13 --> 00:34:12,78 and it's very recent so we are not yet able to see the consequence of immigration but what I may tell you is that 313 00:34:13,36 --> 00:34:20,28 when I'm talking in the village I try to convince them that they the longevity for them is a treasure. 314 00:34:21,4 --> 00:34:26,02 But that it is really important to keep it from generation to generation 315 00:34:26,49 --> 00:34:33,36 and I am a bit afraid that it might be a temporary phenomenon which means that 316 00:34:33,87 --> 00:34:36,01 and I will explain it to you very simply. 317 00:34:37,04 --> 00:34:46,16 The centenarian today work a lot in the past they have very difficult conditions so they are first elected 318 00:34:46,5 --> 00:34:57,98 and then they have a very heavy life and very active life and suddenly in the sixty's when they started to to be sick 319 00:34:57,99 --> 00:35:01,5 or to have a problem the public health was the globe 320 00:35:01,86 --> 00:35:07,09 and they have suddenly access to a lot of thing against malaria for example in forty eight 321 00:35:07,3 --> 00:35:13,42 and then they haven't lost people and so on so they take advantage of their past life what is very active 322 00:35:13,78 --> 00:35:22,59 and modern life what bring them public health service and so on and so you have a conjunction of to sing 323 00:35:23,26 --> 00:35:29,14 but in future the problem is that you will keep probably the access to public health 324 00:35:29,36 --> 00:35:33,73 but you will lose the difficult life in the morning 325 00:35:33,82 --> 00:35:38,11 and in the past it was your pose it you have only this active life 326 00:35:38,25 --> 00:35:48,23 and no public health so for us there is a very important question mark is it a temporary effort that with the emergence 327 00:35:48,24 --> 00:35:53,74 of a lot of longevity now and not a random longevity as it is in our country elsewhere 328 00:35:54,29 --> 00:36:00,51 or is it something that we may keep alive for the future and that's accepting to discuss with local. 329 00:36:01,26 --> 00:36:03,2 And to convince them that they have a treasure. 330 00:36:04,22 --> 00:36:06,73 But they have to do a lot of effort to keep it 331 00:36:07,09 --> 00:36:14,21 and I am a bit afraid that the young generation has not yet understood that this is a real challenge that's important. 332 00:36:15,42 --> 00:36:32,22 And for you as a demographer Can you explain. What fascinates you. This part of democracy. OK this is another story. 333 00:36:34,45 --> 00:36:41,82 I will say that. Some demographic the only thing that they are interested in is number. 334 00:36:42,85 --> 00:36:49,19 Mortality table and so on they never met anybody they never bet the population with. 335 00:36:50,35 --> 00:36:55,89 The danger act they don't know they just look in the starter sticks and work like this or they do more than once 336 00:36:55,9 --> 00:37:05,76 or for me. I have always been interested to meet people. And to work at the local level my father was. 337 00:37:07,05 --> 00:37:13,91 A mentoring teacher he was the master of one village he was the only teacher in the village at the elementary school it 338 00:37:13,92 --> 00:37:19,71 was a village of three hundred inhabitants I know the village by heart I have been every way in the village I did a 339 00:37:19,72 --> 00:37:21,62 story of the village the big book 340 00:37:21,83 --> 00:37:30,13 and I have the full genealogy of the vision I was in the twenty already interested by the mana graphic aspect which 341 00:37:30,14 --> 00:37:39,23 means everything on a given population so that you may try to understand how it works and when I arrive. 342 00:37:40,29 --> 00:37:43,34 You have the initial request of validation I did it 343 00:37:43,81 --> 00:37:52,58 but then this is what I have in in my interest this one a graphic aspect this this a contact with the population emerge 344 00:37:53,1 --> 00:38:00,77 and I decide to go slowly in this direction to work on one village to try to understand not only demographic. 345 00:38:00,89 --> 00:38:06,05 Also what is outside to meet people and to interact with this population 346 00:38:06,34 --> 00:38:13,61 and now I was the one that introduced the longevity celebration I was the one that put this on the witness book Asprey 347 00:38:13,62 --> 00:38:14,51 mother musky. 348 00:38:15,66 --> 00:38:19,78 Mortality muscular they were very happy so they make me sit in the needle 349 00:38:19,79 --> 00:38:26,35 or in this village so I am I am fully involved in the village I cannot walk in the village with without being in touch 350 00:38:26,36 --> 00:38:35,1 with people so this is very important for me as researcher to be in close contact with the population where you are 351 00:38:35,11 --> 00:38:42,47 working every day and to tell him them we do symposium in the village for people in the village 352 00:38:42,85 --> 00:38:50,46 and we trekked researcher from all over the world from Japan Korea on Kong us and they come to Tokyo 353 00:38:51,29 --> 00:38:53,6 and there was a translation in Italian 354 00:38:53,77 --> 00:38:58,62 and people were there on the first row nine hundred ninety two trying to understand 355 00:38:58,68 --> 00:39:07,15 but very proud that this is their village so you see this is a forty different way of working I am demographic Yes I am 356 00:39:07,16 --> 00:39:12,33 basically demographic I am I am even astrophysicist at the beginning so I became demographic 357 00:39:12,58 --> 00:39:20,45 but my main interest is not to be demographic is to do it to discover this concept of loser because for me it's crazy 358 00:39:20,46 --> 00:39:26,61 and I see it every day how people are interested by this and to try to convince people scientists 359 00:39:26,65 --> 00:39:30,13 but also other people this is a very exceptional situation 360 00:39:30,53 --> 00:39:35,61 and there is really question beyond how is it possible that this iteration exists 361 00:39:35,95 --> 00:39:42,89 and I'm still that I was retired four years ago and it did not change anything I am continuing 362 00:39:42,9 --> 00:39:45,75 and I will continue as soon as long as I may do it 363 00:39:46,07 --> 00:39:53,81 and convince young people to continue also because this is really an attractive story for you the magic word. 364 00:39:55,33 --> 00:40:00,7 The magic work the measure of quirk. Patient. 365 00:40:02,34 --> 00:40:09,63 If you are not question it with what you are doing in terms of research stay in your office try to publish a paper that 366 00:40:09,64 --> 00:40:11,4 will not be read by anybody else 367 00:40:11,41 --> 00:40:19,59 or just a limited number of person that are just happy together with your models though you know what we are doing is 368 00:40:19,6 --> 00:40:23,34 really evil of interest for The Root population and everybody me 369 00:40:23,35 --> 00:40:27,11 and the stand everybody be understand what we asked looking for 370 00:40:27,79 --> 00:40:31,54 and as soon as we will got some answers we will come back to them and 371 00:40:31,71 --> 00:40:37,38 and say look this is something this is something so this is really to be passionated by your research 372 00:40:37,69 --> 00:40:45,81 and that there is no problem and you will go on you are you know are serious you are archetypes and we think of you. 373 00:40:48,25 --> 00:40:50,6 Explore what you think rather. 374 00:40:51,73 --> 00:41:01,59 Since I was very young I remember I was probably six I have already met on the wall in my sleeping room between I think 375 00:41:01,6 --> 00:41:09,74 the first thing that interests me was your graphic variation so I I try all the time to travel 376 00:41:10,56 --> 00:41:19,16 and I better try to travel than to read books I have a neighbor in my flat is reading books I am travelling I have a 377 00:41:19,17 --> 00:41:27,64 brother he is in did not move one day he did not go out from Belgium when I have been everywhere so I want to travel 378 00:41:27,98 --> 00:41:33,26 and not to travel as a tourist I want and this unfortunately of demographic 379 00:41:33,27 --> 00:41:42,65 and on longevity bring me in so wonderful place two weeks ago I was in Caucasus in a valley I have been in China in a 380 00:41:42,66 --> 00:41:49,68 remote place I have been everywhere in place where you are not tourist you enter in the family your try to understand 381 00:41:49,9 --> 00:41:57,51 and why because you discover so wonderful thing and your eye both to try to compare the situation 382 00:41:57,86 --> 00:42:00,77 and if you want to see something you need it. 383 00:42:00,87 --> 00:42:02,05 Compare with other place 384 00:42:02,38 --> 00:42:09,35 and that's what I'm doing to try to compare all those places around the world I visited eighty five different countries 385 00:42:09,92 --> 00:42:10,37 and. 386 00:42:11,57 --> 00:42:18,42 An older European country for example that you're traveling with what makes you an explorer a next priority as that 387 00:42:18,69 --> 00:42:23,34 these travel are never planned by other people than me which means that 388 00:42:23,54 --> 00:42:30,7 when I went to go causes three weeks ago I first start to look in the data I was everything 389 00:42:30,71 --> 00:42:32,41 and then I say we have to go there. 390 00:42:34,14 --> 00:42:43,33 Maybe in your rooms on me yes it was their wish was to see if well plays in Georgia maybe consider as blues 391 00:42:44,02 --> 00:42:52,29 and to do this first I have to look to start the second data to work to look what is written and I have a. 392 00:42:54,69 --> 00:43:00,4 Seventy three already somebody say there isn't caucuses and longevity so I went there already in two thousand 393 00:43:00,41 --> 00:43:09,27 and three and I was really in trouble but then. Tallinn University say we will go to Georgia for. 394 00:43:10,63 --> 00:43:15,48 Forefront of formation I don't know I say OK if you go to Georgia I go with you 395 00:43:15,94 --> 00:43:23,24 but I have a really an objective I want to find the place that could be a blue zone and to go there 396 00:43:23,39 --> 00:43:26,63 and to assess the situation so I started to convince them 397 00:43:27,04 --> 00:43:31,8 and finally we went to the message of Ali this is just the a by the L. 398 00:43:31,81 --> 00:43:36,96 Group the highest mounting it's a very remote area you need three hours to go to the village 399 00:43:37,06 --> 00:43:42,45 and then three more hours to do forty two kilometer to go on the highest village of Europe two thousand and three 400 00:43:42,46 --> 00:43:49,04 and it's a wonderful place I have never seen this place like this and then I will say that. 401 00:43:50,23 --> 00:43:56,07 I organize everything and therefore you need to be in touch with local people because you cannot go 402 00:43:56,08 --> 00:44:00,74 and visit the centenarian like this spontaneous the U.S. To do to. 403 00:44:00,8 --> 00:44:02,29 To be in touch with local people 404 00:44:02,47 --> 00:44:10,24 and finally what we did we have a guide that bring us during one day to visit six centenarian and. 405 00:44:12,34 --> 00:44:22,8 It was crazy I will say because you have the possibility to enter a normal house one go to was told me I want to die so 406 00:44:22,81 --> 00:44:30,56 you have really crazy situation in another one it was the Monday after Easter we were invited to the family meal to go 407 00:44:30,57 --> 00:44:38,31 to the cemetery to eat on the on the grave there with them because this is the way they do it in a wonderful landscape 408 00:44:38,32 --> 00:44:46,22 it was tertiary we've also invited to drink wine to drink the local and we visited six centenarian 409 00:44:46,71 --> 00:44:53,26 and I remember this girl eighty seven no one no one no one running around me there and shaking 410 00:44:53,55 --> 00:44:57,97 and then we did the survey the day after we went to archives local archives 411 00:44:58,17 --> 00:45:05,79 and she was only eighty seven according to US So none of the six centenarian that we met was real centenarian How come. 412 00:45:06,95 --> 00:45:16,1 There were their ID cards say that they were said that ARE YOU OK but if you look in the household book from thirty 413 00:45:16,11 --> 00:45:20,34 and forty then you see that the date of birth is not the same. 414 00:45:21,98 --> 00:45:24,33 This possible I have not yet the full explanation 415 00:45:24,61 --> 00:45:30,42 but it could be possible that to get quickly access to their pension they push a bit 416 00:45:30,98 --> 00:45:36,2 but in some time they push fourteen years you see it's a bit crazy 417 00:45:36,21 --> 00:45:42,36 but as demographics we are able to see it quickly because you cannot ever a baby at fifty two you cannot marry for the 418 00:45:42,37 --> 00:45:48,14 first time at thirty eight there is some aspect that you directly 419 00:45:48,48 --> 00:45:54,56 and the stand so the survey just a survey asking did the Euro birth of children and brother 420 00:45:54,57 --> 00:46:00,74 and sister bring us in trouble but the day after we went to the local archive the people were very impressed. 421 00:46:00,89 --> 00:46:06,71 We found all the data and the conclusion was clear none of these centenarian was readers 422 00:46:06,72 --> 00:46:15,95 and I so now I have to do a scientific paper because if you have a negative point you have also to tell it it's not 423 00:46:15,96 --> 00:46:24,01 only see it in Sardinia it could be that I will conclude by a negative point oh probably it was positive 424 00:46:24,07 --> 00:46:29,12 but the Coke has this I am sure there is no exceptional longevity why. 425 00:46:30,45 --> 00:46:37,19 Two weeks before Corey and where there are two to do film and a lot of people go there they are very happy 426 00:46:37,2 --> 00:46:45,27 but I have to conclude that it's not the exception where comes this wish of countries 427 00:46:45,28 --> 00:46:49,88 or people who have made it now that having being. 428 00:46:53,39 --> 00:46:57,68 So you have to understand that when it is the case yes 429 00:46:58,09 --> 00:47:06,17 when a village is put into evidence for their longevity Everybody's proud of longevity Stalin was the one that promoted 430 00:47:06,18 --> 00:47:14,44 the longevity in Georgia he was very proud of the longevity of the Georgian man and so if I have a village 431 00:47:14,87 --> 00:47:21,23 and they want to be the first in longevity it's the situation here in Sardinia they compete between village to be 432 00:47:21,24 --> 00:47:27,08 number one in longevity and if I come in read a grand day and say I will go to the next village 433 00:47:27,09 --> 00:47:33,02 or are a bit afraid that I will found that the other villages better data than they have in store so it's really 434 00:47:33,03 --> 00:47:33,82 competition 435 00:47:34,11 --> 00:47:41,12 and I have even some problem because of this competition it's not just more competition it's a competition in turmoil 436 00:47:41,13 --> 00:47:48,83 at policy level political level and so on and for a lot of think so they are proud of layered longevity 437 00:47:49,28 --> 00:47:54,93 and everywhere and a country will be proud like Japanese to be number one for the life expectancy 438 00:47:54,94 --> 00:48:00,34 and everywhere there's a Japanese wonderful Okinawa number one. 439 00:48:00,84 --> 00:48:06,79 So you have to be number one and longevity seems to be the result of the best L.T. 440 00:48:06,8 --> 00:48:13,79 Aging of the well being of the population longevity is something that is the best sign of this of well being and 441 00:48:13,8 --> 00:48:19,57 when you say competition between villages here what I mean by that this is another story. 442 00:48:20,99 --> 00:48:30,36 To joining ten year I promoted Grandy and I put it on the reader's book as the place where men are living longer so 443 00:48:30,83 --> 00:48:40,25 and then I have some information that other village Arabic Jairus OK And I say myself that OK even a ground days on the 444 00:48:40,26 --> 00:48:46,22 top the surrounding village are also not far so I expressed the wish to 445 00:48:46,79 --> 00:48:56,35 and large the area of investigation showed there was one girl from that village there that was also interested to 446 00:48:56,36 --> 00:49:02,26 attract people because she has a note I'll tell you there were some interest but she scientists she did a B a Ph D. 447 00:49:02,27 --> 00:49:05,02 Does a bone so they start. 448 00:49:06,66 --> 00:49:14,66 To bend it sure that different municipality will be interested but doing so they wanted to do and that's a C.H. 449 00:49:14,67 --> 00:49:23,44 and Of Blues old village OK And I understand that they were at the end of the day they were Tree Association starting 450 00:49:23,45 --> 00:49:29,81 their one with this girl one with with a professor in Calgary and one with vinegar 451 00:49:29,82 --> 00:49:32,24 and they did do that also while Association 452 00:49:32,63 --> 00:49:41,7 and then we had grand they say Michelle you are with us you have not to be with the other one so I was not able to be 453 00:49:41,71 --> 00:49:42,92 with one with the other one 454 00:49:42,93 --> 00:49:51,09 and we did third one then I my position now is very clear I am a scientist I want to be outside of this competition 455 00:49:51,4 --> 00:49:55,00 and I want to stay at the scientific level too I will have today 456 00:49:55,01 --> 00:50:00,69 or tomorrow some discussion with the sin that go with people to say I don't want to say that. 457 00:50:00,8 --> 00:50:09,28 I am explosively with your village what is important for me is if one village is interested I may ask them to collect 458 00:50:09,29 --> 00:50:14,02 the data what they do know five really just collected the data and I went there to validate 459 00:50:14,19 --> 00:50:17,86 and they are also not so high but they are high in longevity 460 00:50:18,28 --> 00:50:22,24 but just to give an example the village we will go tomorrow say Will. 461 00:50:23,35 --> 00:50:30,42 Organize this celebration to give the diploma of longevity village and we give it to six village 462 00:50:30,59 --> 00:50:38,15 and we are Gandhi was included but then during the dinner the saying that go ask me tell me I am engineer 463 00:50:38,68 --> 00:50:47,6 and if you have indicator I know that you have the value of these indicated you may tell me what is the ranking to see 464 00:50:47,61 --> 00:50:56,32 if I am really better than we are Grundy so I spend two hours to convience him that the topic is not the ranking the 465 00:50:56,33 --> 00:51:03,75 topic is to say you are longevity village on the starter stickle viewpoint I tell him if you have a smaller population 466 00:51:03,76 --> 00:51:12,64 there is a variation that is due to random So finally what I only can tell them is that you are both largely above the 467 00:51:12,65 --> 00:51:19,6 Italian average or not and this is a statistical test and I hope Ike I was convincing 468 00:51:19,91 --> 00:51:24,82 but I really understand that everybody wants to be the first 469 00:51:24,89 --> 00:51:31,55 and now I have some problem with the other person that I did not answer to our last message because I don't want to 470 00:51:31,56 --> 00:51:36,63 enter in a system of competition. And that's that's that's very crucial.